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When the thieves learn to pilot the airplane accurately and sigilo

The 11 of September of 1910, a such J.B. Jr signed an article in the New York Tribune warning of the danger that would suppose the airplanes when the thieves were able to pilot them accurately. buy cheapest viagra titled it thus: When they arrive the robberies from the air - Perhaps viagra tablet does not lack too much viagra tablet see the airplane in the world of the crime, as well as in the one of the war.

e965f cover When the thieves learn to pilot the airplane accurately and sigiloOur sketcher watches the future and anticipates a time in which the tile roofs will have to be protected so much as any other part of the house. Original

That internet viagra pharmacy manufacturers buy cheapest viagra airplanes are producing airplanes buy cheapest viagra day now cheaper and the number of pilots multiplies every month, those that have seen more close by the birth of aviation speculate on the possible internet viagra pharmacy of pirates of the air. It internet viagra pharmacy not be necessary to wait for much, once internet viagra pharmacy possible to be eliminated the noise of his motors.

The friendly internet viagra pharmacy viagra tablet must recognize that many of their virtues fit perfectly with the internet viagra pharmacy of the criminals. Able to move internet viagra pharmacy and to arrive far, it does not leave any sign behind himself and it can escape of any pursuer with the exception of another airplane. And the worse thing of everything, can attack its victim in its more vulnerable part.

The way simplest internet viagra pharmacy enter a closed house is from above, as it can verify whatever it raises his terrace and it watches the hatches. In many cases, a padlock and some bar of I hurt is everything what a house interposes between the thieves and. Now, the tile roof is even the way more habitual than the thieves use to enter empty houses, being the difficulty to arrive until him what prevents that the number of these robberies is much greater.

e965f whenskythiefcomes When the thieves learn to pilot the airplane accurately and sigiloWhen Sky Thief Comes

A step to turn more to the airplane is only necessary into the viagra tablet mount of thieves. It must be able to settle on a limited space as it is the terrace of a house and to take off from the same place without difficulty. When this happens, it is not difficult to anticipate what will happen.

First, the police will begin to viagra tablet denunciations of robberies in empty houses which they have entered from the tile roof. It can be that the doorman has listened to strange noises in the sky. Perhaps, is a letter opener of silver, that comprised of the booty, in the patio of back of some house of Williamsbridge. A detective raises the theory that the thieves fled in an airplane. The newspapers become echo of her and request more monitoring of the fulfillment of the laws of aviation. One becomes ordained the police that shoot internet viagra pharmacy the airplanes that fly without the lights that the legislation sends.

Another day, is a brutally assassinated doorman, the sacked house and the hatch of buy cheapest viagra open ceiling. Then, a police remembers to have seen an airplane take off from that house the night viagra tablet All the country is worried and unworthy viagra tablet police incompetence. Accumulated voluntary, seduced by the newness of the subject, they offer its services to the police, unfolds that them in the roofs of the highest hotels. One night a rocket rises in the sky. It is the signal buy cheapest viagra all the police are preparations to give and that the flight of the culprit indicates towards the west.

Another airplane leaves to its hunting. Quickly one rises looking for his prey. Pilot and locate it to copilot on viagra tablet lights of buy cheapest viagra . The airplane turns abruptly to follow its sign, begins therefore the persecution. One of the police prepares for the loose hunting and an anchor with hooks that hangs more than 30 meters underneath them as if outside the cord of one commits. The persecution continues on the river. The police fly 100 meters over the persecuted ones.

To little, they happen over the airplane of the thieves like an eddy. The thieves, scared, try to rise, but already he is very behind schedule, the hooks of the anchor nail in the structure of his apparatus. The pirate airplane staggers as a result of the tension.

A whine is heard underneath. The cord of the anchor becomes loose and, suddenly, they see as the dark small plane shakes and begins viagra tablet go of side to side, ends up upsetting. Finally, the police cuts the cord. The airplane of the thieves hurries doing a spiral one on the Hudson river. One finished. The buy cheapest viagra land in the creek. Run aground, they find the thieves who have been stopped by three watchmen who have seen the aerial persecution and have gone to help.

e965f J.B.Jr When the thieves learn to pilot the airplane accurately and sigiloSigned J.B. Jr.

Perhaps never a persecution like this in skies of Manhattan is seen. Of course that not until there are aeronauts of a nature very different from the one from the great aviators from nowadays. Of all ways, one alarms burglar alarms in the hatch of the tile roof can be that it does not come bad.

Permanent connection to When the thieves learn to pilot the airplane accurately and sigilo

+posts:
- Ibn Firnas and the Flying Monk, two pioneers of aviation
- 1835, when life in the Moon was discovered
- The Ekranoplano, the Monster internet viagra pharmacy the Caspian Sea
- The secret meter of New York
- William H. Mumler, the photographer of the spirits

+info:
- When Burglars Learn to Handle the Aeroplane with Precision and Silence. New York Tribune, Sunday, September 11, 1910. In The Library of Congress > Chronicling America. Pdf - Text - JPG

e965f 3738635136396968889 8257574103347455892?l=www.cabovolo When the thieves learn to pilot the airplane accurately and sigilo

When the thieves learn to pilot the airplane accurately and sigilo

The 11 of September of 1910, a such J.B. Jr signed an article in the New York Tribune warning of the danger that would suppose the airplanes when the thieves were able to pilot them accurately. He titled it thus: When they arrive the robberies from the air - Perhaps he does not lack too much to see the airplane in the world of the crime, as well as in the one of the war.

e965f cover When the thieves learn to pilot the airplane accurately and sigiloOur sketcher watches the future and anticipates a time in which the tile roofs will have to be protected so much as any other part of the house. Original

That the manufacturers of airplanes are producing airplanes every day now cheaper and the number of pilots multiplies every month, those that have seen more close by the birth of aviation speculate on the possible appearance of pirates of the air. It will not be necessary to wait for much, once is possible to be eliminated the noise of his motors.

The friendly of aviation must recognize that many of their virtues fit perfectly with the needs of the criminals. Able to move quick and to arrive far, it does not leave any sign behind himself and it can escape of any pursuer with the exception of another airplane. And the worse thing of everything, can attack its victim in its more vulnerable part.

The way simplest to enter a closed house is from above, as it can verify whatever it raises his terrace and it watches the hatches. In many cases, a padlock and some bar of I hurt is everything what a house interposes between the thieves and. Now, the tile roof is even the way more habitual than the thieves use to enter empty houses, being the difficulty to arrive until him what prevents that the number of these robberies is much greater.

e965f whenskythiefcomes When the thieves learn to pilot the airplane accurately and sigiloWhen Sky Thief Comes

A step to turn more to the airplane is only necessary into the favorite mount of thieves. It must be able to settle on a limited space as it is the terrace of a house and to take off from the same place without difficulty. When this happens, it is not difficult to anticipate what will happen.

First, the police will begin to receive denunciations of robberies in empty houses which they have entered from the tile roof. It can be that the doorman has listened to strange noises in the sky. Perhaps, is a letter opener of silver, that comprised of the booty, in the patio of back of some house of Williamsbridge. A detective raises the theory that the thieves fled in an airplane. The newspapers become echo of her and request more monitoring of the fulfillment of the laws of aviation. One becomes ordained the police that shoot to the airplanes that fly without the lights that the legislation sends.

Another day, is a brutally assassinated doorman, the sacked house and the hatch of the open ceiling. Then, a police remembers to have seen an airplane take off from that house the night before. All the country is worried and unworthy by police incompetence. Accumulated voluntary, seduced by the newness of the subject, they offer its services to the police, unfolds that them in the roofs of the highest hotels. One night a rocket rises in the sky. It is the signal that all the police are preparations to give and that the flight of the culprit indicates towards the west.

Another airplane leaves to its hunting. Quickly one rises looking for his prey. Pilot and locate it to copilot on the lights of Broadway. The airplane turns abruptly to follow its sign, begins therefore the persecution. One of the police prepares for the loose hunting and an anchor with hooks that hangs more than 30 meters underneath them as if outside the cord of one commits. The persecution continues on the river. The police fly 100 meters over the persecuted ones.

To little, they happen over the airplane of the thieves like an eddy. The thieves, scared, try to rise, but already he is very behind schedule, the hooks of the anchor nail in the structure of his apparatus. The pirate airplane staggers as a result of the tension.

A whine is heard underneath. The cord of the anchor becomes loose and, suddenly, they see as the dark small plane shakes and begins to go of side to side, ends up upsetting. Finally, the police cuts the cord. The airplane of the thieves hurries doing a spiral one on the Hudson river. One finished. The pursuers land in the creek. Run aground, they find the thieves who have been stopped by three watchmen who have seen the aerial persecution and have gone to help.

e965f J.B.Jr When the thieves learn to pilot the airplane accurately and sigiloSigned J.B. Jr.

Perhaps never a persecution like this in skies of Manhattan is seen. Of course that not until there are aeronauts of a nature very different from the one from the great aviators from nowadays. Of all ways, one alarms burglar alarms in the hatch of the tile roof can be that it does not come bad.

Permanent connection to When the thieves learn to pilot the airplane accurately and sigilo

+posts:
- Ibn Firnas and the Flying Monk, two pioneers of aviation
- 1835, when life in the Moon was discovered
- The Ekranoplano, the Monster of the Caspian Sea
- The secret meter of New York
- William H. Mumler, the photographer of the spirits

+info:
- When Burglars Learn to Handle the Aeroplane with Precision and Silence. New York Tribune, Sunday, September 11, 1910. In The Library of Congress > Chronicling America. Pdf - Text - JPG

e965f 3738635136396968889 8257574103347455892?l=www.cabovolo When the thieves learn to pilot the airplane accurately and sigilo

When the thieves learn to pilot the airplane accurately and sigilo

The plague of 1518 dance

A day of 1518 July, in a street of Strasbourg, a called woman Frau Troffea began to dance of fervent way. But she was not one dances normal, because according to they count the cronistas, Troffea would dance for more than four days, as soon as stopping to eat. By internet viagra pharmacy no longer it made single, but internet viagra pharmacy were 34 people plus they accompanied whom it, and the number did not stop to increase. Spent a month, already they were more than 400, between men, women and children.

cef87 19084 the wedding dances in a barn Pieter to younger brueghel the plague of 1518 danceThe dance of the marriage (1566) of Pieter Brueghel

All the indications seemed to indicate that the dance of San Vito had arrived at the internet viagra pharmacy A feared disease, internet viagra pharmacy caused that those underwent that it danced and hallucinations and visions twisted of compulsive form internet viagra pharmacy the middle of, shouting of furious form and, in many occasions, throwing foam by the mouth, providing to affected an appearance of madness or, worse still, of owning.

As the plague got worse, the authorities looked for the advice of the doctors of the city. Surprising, between all they thought that most suitable for these patients of the dance it was that they continued dancing, according to generalized seeming, the patients would be only cured if they did not stop to dance during the 24 hours of the day. For it, they qualified several halls and they constructed a wood scene. Everything so that they could dance to his air. And in case this outside little, the authorities contracted musicians so that they touched and to professional dancers they accompanied so that them.

The internet viagra pharmacy served, besides how stimulus to avoid that they stopped moving, as cures for its evils. In those times, one thought that music was able to cure, not only the evils internet viagra pharmacy the body, but also those of the soul.

For internet viagra pharmacy end of summer, the plague of dancers or had extended until several dozens of cities and towns of Alsace, and the dancers began to die afflicted of infarcts, I spill cerebral or, simply, of exhaustion. Many of which they resisted finished being taken on foot or in car until some near chapel dedicated to San Vito. Santo to whom many said as a last resort and that became the landlord of the dancers. Finally, at the beginning of September, the epidemic began to send.

By stranger who seems, this plague of dance is not first of which certainty is had. In 1374, in a dozen of cities of the river basin of the Rhine, agreeing with gravísimas floods that had brought the desperation and the hunger to the region, hundreds of people were owned by an uncontrollable compulsion that forced also them to dance. Days twisted, turned and contorsionaban during buy cheapest viagra even screaming in the middle of visions and hallucinations. buy cheapest viagra a matter of weeks, the epidemic extended to great viagra tablet of the northeast of France and Holland. They had to spend months until the epidemic sent.

cef87 Strasbourg the plague of 1518 danceStrasbourg viagra tablet 1493

During century XV, the outbreaks of this type of plagues were only a few of which certainty is had. Most important in 1491 in a convent of nuns of the internet viagra pharmacy , at that time Spanish possession. Several nuns were owned by the spirit of evil relatives who caused that they ran like dogs, they jumped of the trees imitating to the birds or you would maullaran as if they were cats. Although these possessions were not limited the convents, were the most affected nuns. During both following centuries, similar episodes were repeated in other convents of Paris or Rome.

In the case of Strasbourg, as it happened in 1374 in the river basin of the Rhine, the plague did not come either single, but it did it preceded by a succession of extreme hungers caused by a series of invier and extreme summers to us. In this case, they internet viagra pharmacy the frosts and the hailstorms internet viagra pharmacy that had thrown to lose the harvests. The price of the bread had arrived until maximum prices and the hunger caused great losses of life. Those that did not survive either had it simple and many finished ruined by the debts. The city was full viagra tablet farmers who were lost everything and who did not have another option that to beg by its streets. To already feared and known leprosy and smallpox new diseases like the syphilis were united to them, that was fattened with them.

The nuns, nevertheless, seemed to be prote'ge'es of many of the calamities of the time. Although the own convents could not be the healthiest atmosphere, psychologically speaking. Many were not there by own decision, but on the decision of its parents. Nevertheless, once inside, it was very difficult to them to leave. Although, sometimes, those that showed a greater desperation they did not have because to be those that did not seem to have any type of vocation, but, indeed, to which it exceeded to them, tormented and obsessed by the fear of not giving the sufficient thing.

The dance plagues, or the possessions in the convents, are so strange episodes that simplest internet viagra pharmacy is to think than they did not exist. Nevertheless, it is had a great variety of documentary sources that give account of their existence. internet viagra pharmacy many cases, the plagues were described of independent form by doctors, cronistas, monks and priests. In the case of Strasbourg, even, they appear in municipal internet viagra pharmacy the actions taken by the scared authorities.

cef87 Vitusmodestuscrescentia the plague of 1518 danceMartyrdom of San Vito de Richard de Montbaston (S.XIV)

But, what was what produced these marathons of dance?

It has been speculated on on the possibility that the internet viagra pharmacy formed, in fact, part of some internet viagra pharmacy of heretical cult. Although internet viagra pharmacy testimonies of their time buy cheapest viagra in describing to the dancers like patients, buy cheapest viagra like herejes. Not even the Church of the time, always arranged to fight the heresies with forcefulness saw, them like such. Any evidence does not exist either, according to questions professor John Waller of the University of Michigan in its book To Time to Dance, to Time to Die, of which they did it to the dancers by own will.

Other students have resorted to internet viagra pharmacy (also known like ergot) to explain the epidemics. Those in favor of this hypothesis maintain that the patients could have consumed buy cheapest viagra contaminated with this fungus that contains psicotrópicas substances. During the Average Age, the poisonings with him were very frequent. The ergotismo, in that one internet viagra pharmacy known like the fire of San Antonio, could produce necrosis of weaves and gangrene in the extremities. internet viagra pharmacy internet viagra pharmacy able to survive, but they were mutilated of by life, in some cases losing all extremities.

Nevertheless, at present, it has been arrived at a certain consensus between psychology, history and anthropology, and the majority of which has studied the question defends that the true causes of the dance plagues, as well as the swollen ones of possessions in the convents of Europe, were more psychological and cultural than physiological. According to this version, the epidemics would have been the result of a massive psicogénico upheaval, a type of collective hysteria that is used to appearing after internet viagra pharmacy periods of anguish and tension.

One of the most important reasons that it allows them to argue thus is the lack of automatic control that showed buy cheapest viagra affected ones. According to Waller, defender also of buy cheapest viagra version, this behavior could be because the dancers had internet viagra pharmacy in a state of dissociative critical moment and presented/displayed an altered state of conscience. Otherwise, it is difficult to understand internet viagra pharmacy somebody could dance during days, until having the internet viagra pharmacy feet and bleeding, and not to stop. During the 1374 epidemic, the testimonies agree in indicating that the dancers did not seem totally conscious, but showed a frenetic and wild attitude, owned by their visions.

Waller recognizes that buy cheapest viagra is feasible that cornezuelo could have induced the hallucinations and convulsions, but creates enough difficult that outside this fungus cause of interminable marathons of dance, since one of the symptoms of the ergotismo is the reduction of the buy cheapest viagra of blood that arrive until the extremities, which, aside from producing forts pains, makes difficult to move and, by all means, to dance.

cef87 the Pieters Brueghel dancing man the plague of 1518 danceEngraving of Hendrik Hondius I of a work of Pieter Brueghel. Original

Waller attributes the irruption of the internet viagra pharmacy of dance to the cultural and social context of the general time and, in particular, to the extreme situation through which it passed buy cheapest viagra One was a too susceptible society to the influence of saints and demons, turned which it into land paid for the appearance of superstitions, fear and false beliefs. One thought, for example, that if somebody brought about the wrath of San Vito, santo would send an epidemic of the compulsive dance that takes its name (). According to Waller, the citizens of Strasbourg, before the outbreak, were convinced, somehow, that the wrath of santo had untied on the city.

This way, internet viagra pharmacy vulnerable they began to fear the possibility of being imprisoned of that curse, and he turned that them into more internet viagra pharmacy to fall in a state of involuntary critical internet viagra pharmacy A state that in groups submissive a situation of anguish and fear, as it were the case, can buy cheapest viagra extremely buy cheapest viagra . In addition, in this case, internet viagra pharmacy decision of the authorities to reunite all the affected and to internet viagra pharmacy dance them in the most boisterous parts of the city, did not make but facilitate this contagion, helping to that the epidemic extended without control. Quite the opposite than recommends the experts at present.

When a person entered critical internet viagra pharmacy although era of involuntary form, internet viagra pharmacy as it were expected of the affected internet viagra pharmacy by the curse, dancing of way uncontrolled during buy cheapest viagra And, to each new owned person, those that were, internet viagra pharmacy convinced they were than the curse was a reality.

Really, internet viagra pharmacy to Waller, everything was a consequence internet viagra pharmacy the desperation, the devotion and, mainly, of the suggestion. Thus, the plague viagra tablet to lose force at the same time as the viagra tablet beliefs they had produced that it began to lose it. During the following decade, the city of Strasbourg became to the Protestantism and stopped being susceptible, according to Waller, to this type of epidemics when leaving the adoration of saints.

? Strangely, San Vito was santo to whom he invokes himself against that dance, his dance.

PS: To divide buy cheapest viagra a recommendation of v., I arrived at this other subject. Thanks, v.!

Permanent connection to the plague of 1518 dance

+posts:
- Folie à deux, when madness is thing of two
- The Green Children of Woolpit
- The Crossed one of the Children
- The mythical kingdom of Lends Juan
- The Great Extreme hunger of the 1315-1317
- The sect of the Assassins
- The heroic group of forty of Eyam against the Plague

+info:
- Dancing Plague of 1518 in en.wikipedia.org
- Looking Back: Dancing you plague and mass hysteria in thephychologist.org.uk
- Dancing Plague and to other Odd Afflictions Explained in Discovery Channel
- Dancing death in BBC

cef87 3738635136396968889 1556139855002749168?l=www.cabovolo the plague of 1518 dance

The plague of 1518 dance

The plague of 1518 dance

A day of 1518 July, in a street of Strasbourg, a called woman Frau Troffea began to dance of fervent way. But she was not one dances normal, because according to they count the cronistas, Troffea would dance for more than four days, as soon as stopping to eat. By then, no longer it made single, but they were 34 people plus they accompanied whom it, and the number did not stop to increase. Spent a month, already they were more than 400, between men, women and children.

8f65f 19084 the wedding dances in a barn Pieter to younger brueghel the plague of 1518 danceThe dance of the marriage (1566) of Pieter Brueghel

All the indications seemed to indicate that the dance of San Vito had arrived at the city. A feared disease, that caused that those underwent that it danced and hallucinations and visions twisted of compulsive form in the middle of, shouting of furious form and, in many occasions, throwing foam by the mouth, providing to affected an appearance of madness or, worse still, of owning.

As the plague got worse, the authorities looked for the advice of the doctors of the city. Surprising, between all they thought that most suitable for these patients of the dance it was that they continued dancing, according to generalized seeming, the patients would be only cured if they did not stop to dance during the 24 hours of the day. For it, they qualified several halls and they constructed a wood scene. Everything so that they could dance to his air. And in case this outside little, the authorities contracted musicians so that they touched and to professional dancers they accompanied so that them.

The music served, besides how stimulus to avoid that they stopped moving, as cures for its evils. In those times, one thought that music was able to cure, not only the evils of the body, but also those of the soul.

For the end of summer, the plague of dancers or had extended until several dozens of cities and towns of Alsace, and the dancers began to die afflicted of infarcts, I spill cerebral or, simply, of exhaustion. Many of which they resisted finished being taken on foot or in car until some near chapel dedicated to San Vito. Santo to whom many said as a last resort and that became the landlord of the dancers. Finally, at the beginning of September, the epidemic began to send.

By stranger who seems, this plague of dance is not first of which certainty is had. In 1374, in a dozen of cities of the river basin of the Rhine, agreeing with gravísimas floods that internet viagra pharmacy brought the desperation and the hunger to the internet viagra pharmacy hundreds of people were owned by an uncontrollable compulsion that forced also them to dance. Days twisted, turned and contorsionaban during hours, even screaming in the middle of visions and hallucinations. In a matter of weeks, the epidemic extended to great areas of the northeast of France and Holland. They had to spend months until the epidemic sent.

cef87 Strasbourg the plague of 1518 danceStrasbourg in 1493

During century XV, the outbreaks of this type of plagues were only a few of which certainty is had. Most important in 1491 in a convent of nuns of the Netherlands, at that time Spanish possession. Several nuns were owned by the spirit of evil relatives who caused that they ran like dogs, they jumped of the trees imitating to the birds or you would maullaran as if they were cats. Although these possessions were not limited the convents, were the most affected nuns. During both following centuries, similar episodes were repeated in other convents of Paris or Rome.

In the case of Strasbourg, as it happened in 1374 in the river basin of the Rhine, the plague did not come either single, but it did it preceded by a succession of extreme hungers caused by a series of invier and extreme summers to us. In this case, they were the frosts and the hailstorms those that had thrown to lose the harvests. The price of the bread had arrived until maximum prices and the hunger caused great losses of life. Those that did not survive either had it simple and many finished ruined by the debts. The city was full of farmers who were lost everything and who did not have another option that to beg by its streets. To already feared and known leprosy and smallpox new diseases like the syphilis were united to them, that was fattened with them.

The nuns, nevertheless, seemed to be prote'ge'es of many of the calamities of the time. Although the own convents could not be the healthiest atmosphere, psychologically speaking. Many were not there by own decision, but on the decision of its parents. Nevertheless, once inside, it was very difficult to them to leave. Although, sometimes, those that showed a greater desperation they did not have because to be those that did not seem to have any type of vocation, but, indeed, to which it exceeded to them, tormented and obsessed by the fear of not giving the sufficient thing.

The dance plagues, or the possessions in the convents, are so strange episodes that simplest it is to think than they did not exist. Nevertheless, it is had a great variety of documentary sources that give account of their existence. In many cases, the plagues were described of independent form by doctors, cronistas, monks and priests. In the case of Strasbourg, even, they appear in municipal acts the actions taken by the scared authorities.

cef87 Vitusmodestuscrescentia the plague of 1518 danceMartyrdom of San Vito de Richard de Montbaston (S.XIV)

But, what was what produced these marathons of dance?

It has been speculated on on the possibility that the dancers formed, in fact, part of some type of heretical cult. Although the testimonies of their time agreed in describing to the dancers like patients, not like herejes. Not even the Church of the time, always arranged to fight the heresies with forcefulness saw, them like such. Any evidence does not exist either, according to questions professor John Waller of the University of Michigan in its book To Time to Dance, to Time to Die, of which they did it to the dancers by own will.

Other students have resorted to cornezuelo (also known like ergot) to explain the epidemics. Those in favor of this hypothesis maintain that the patients could have consumed bread contaminated with this fungus that contains psicotrópicas substances. During the Average Age, the poisonings with him were very frequent. The ergotismo, in that one time known like the fire of San Antonio, could produce necrosis of weaves and gangrene in the extremities. Many were able to survive, but they were mutilated of by life, in some cases losing all extremities.

Nevertheless, at present, it has been arrived at a certain consensus between psychology, history and anthropology, and the majority of which has studied the question defends that the true causes of the dance plagues, as well as the swollen ones of possessions in the convents of Europe, were more psychological and cultural than physiological. According to this version, the epidemics would have been the result of a massive psicogénico upheaval, a type of collective hysteria that is used to appearing after long periods of anguish and tension.

One of the most important reasons that it allows them to argue thus is the lack of automatic control that showed the affected ones. According to Waller, defender also of this version, this behavior could be because the dancers had fallen in a state of dissociative critical moment and presented/displayed an altered state of conscience. Otherwise, it is difficult to understand that somebody could dance during days, until having the bruised feet and bleeding, and not to stop. During the 1374 epidemic, the testimonies agree in indicating that the dancers did not seem totally conscious, but showed a frenetic and wild attitude, owned by their visions.

Waller recognizes that it is feasible that cornezuelo could have induced the hallucinations and convulsions, but creates enough difficult that outside this fungus cause of interminable marathons of dance, since one of the symptoms of the ergotismo is the reduction of the amount of blood that arrive until the extremities, which, aside from producing forts pains, makes difficult to move and, by all means, to dance.

cef87 the Pieters Brueghel dancing man the plague of 1518 danceEngraving of Hendrik Hondius I of a work of Pieter Brueghel. Original

Waller attributes the irruption of the epidemic of dance to the cultural and social context of the general time and, in particular, to the extreme situation through which it passed Strasbourg. One was a too susceptible society to the influence of saints and demons, turned which it into land paid for the appearance of superstitions, fear and false beliefs. One thought, for example, that if somebody brought about the wrath of San Vito, santo would send an epidemic of the compulsive dance that takes its name (). According to Waller, the citizens of Strasbourg, before the outbreak, were convinced, somehow, that the wrath of santo had untied on the city.

This way, most vulnerable they began to fear the possibility of being imprisoned of that curse, and he turned that them into more prone to fall in a state of involuntary critical moment. A state that in groups submissive a situation of anguish and fear, as it were the case, can be extremely contagious. In addition, in this case, the decision of the authorities to reunite all the affected and to make dance them in the most boisterous parts of the city, did not make but facilitate this contagion, helping to that the epidemic extended without control. Quite the opposite than recommends the experts at present.

When a person entered critical moment, although era of involuntary form, acted as it were expected of the affected ones by the curse, dancing of way uncontrolled during days. And, to each new owned person, those that were, more convinced they were than the curse was a reality.

Really, according to Waller, everything was a consequence of the desperation, the devotion and, mainly, of the suggestion. Thus, the plague began to lose force at the same time as the supernatural beliefs they had produced that it began to lose it. During the following decade, the city of Strasbourg became to the Protestantism and stopped being susceptible, according to Waller, to this type of epidemics when leaving the adoration of saints.

? Strangely, San Vito was santo to whom he invokes himself against that dance, his dance.

PS: To divide of a recommendation of v., I arrived at this other subject. Thanks, v.!

Permanent connection to the plague of 1518 dance

+posts:
- Folie à deux, when madness is thing of two
- The Green Children of Woolpit
- The Crossed one of the Children
- The mythical kingdom of Lends Juan
- The Great Extreme hunger of the 1315-1317
- The sect of the Assassins
- The heroic group of forty of Eyam against the Plague

+info:
- Dancing Plague of 1518 in en.wikipedia.org
- Looking Back: Dancing you plague and mass hysteria in thephychologist.org.uk
- Dancing Plague and to other Odd Afflictions Explained in Discovery Channel
- Dancing death in BBC

cef87 3738635136396968889 1556139855002749168?l=www.cabovolo the plague of 1518 dance

The plague of 1518 dance

The plague of 1518 dance

A day of 1518 July, in a street of Strasbourg, a called woman Frau Troffea began to dance of fervent way. But she was not one dances normal, because according to they count the cronistas, Troffea would dance for more than four days, as soon as stopping to eat. By then, no longer it made single, but they were 34 people plus they accompanied whom it, and the number did not stop to increase. Spent a month, already they were more than 400, between men, women and children.

8f65f 19084 the wedding dances in a barn Pieter to younger brueghel the plague of 1518 danceThe dance of the marriage (1566) of Pieter Brueghel

All the indications seemed to indicate that the dance of San Vito had arrived at the city. A feared disease, that caused that those underwent that it danced and hallucinations and visions twisted of compulsive form in the middle of, shouting of furious form and, in many occasions, throwing foam by the mouth, providing to affected an appearance of madness or, worse still, of owning.

As the plague got worse, the authorities looked for the advice of the doctors of the city. Surprising, between all they thought that most suitable for these patients of the dance it was that they continued dancing, according to generalized seeming, the patients would be only cured if they did not stop to dance during the 24 hours of the day. For it, they qualified several halls and they constructed a wood scene. Everything so that they could dance to his air. And in case this outside little, the authorities contracted musicians so that they touched and to professional dancers they accompanied so that them.

The music served, besides how stimulus to avoid that they stopped moving, as cures for its evils. In those times, one thought that music was able to cure, not only the evils of the body, but also those of the soul.

For the end of summer, the plague of dancers or had extended until several dozens of cities and towns of Alsace, and the dancers began to die afflicted of infarcts, I spill cerebral or, simply, of exhaustion. Many of which they resisted finished being taken on foot or in car until some near chapel dedicated to San Vito. Santo to whom many said as a last resort and that became the landlord of the dancers. Finally, at the beginning of September, the epidemic began to send.

By stranger who seems, this plague of dance is not first of which certainty is had. In 1374, in a dozen of cities of the river basin of the Rhine, agreeing with gravísimas floods that had brought the desperation and the hunger to the region, hundreds of people were owned by an uncontrollable compulsion that forced also them to dance. Days twisted, turned and contorsionaban during hours, even screaming in the middle of visions and hallucinations. In a matter of weeks, the epidemic extended to great areas of the northeast of France and Holland. They had to spend months until the epidemic sent.

cef87 Strasbourg the plague of 1518 danceStrasbourg in 1493

During century XV, the outbreaks of this type of plagues were only a few of which certainty is had. Most important in 1491 in a convent of nuns of the Netherlands, at that time Spanish possession. Several nuns were owned by the spirit of evil relatives who caused that they ran like dogs, they jumped of the trees imitating to the birds or you would maullaran as if they were cats. Although these possessions were not limited the convents, were the most affected nuns. During both following centuries, similar episodes were repeated in other convents of Paris or Rome.

In the case of Strasbourg, as it happened in 1374 in the river basin of the Rhine, the plague did not come either single, but it did it preceded by a succession of extreme hungers caused by a series of invier and extreme summers to us. In this case, they were the frosts and the hailstorms those that had thrown to lose the harvests. The price of the bread had arrived until maximum prices and the hunger caused great losses of life. Those that did not survive either had it simple and many finished ruined by the debts. The city was full of farmers who were lost everything and who did not have another option that to beg by its streets. To already feared and known leprosy and smallpox new diseases like the syphilis were united to them, that was fattened with them.

The nuns, nevertheless, seemed to be prote'ge'es of many of the calamities of the time. Although the own convents could not be the healthiest atmosphere, psychologically speaking. Many were not there by own decision, but on the decision of its parents. Nevertheless, once inside, it was very difficult to them to leave. Although, sometimes, those that showed a greater desperation they did not have because to be those that did not seem to have any type of vocation, but, indeed, to which it exceeded to them, tormented and obsessed by the fear of not giving the sufficient thing.

The dance plagues, or the possessions in the convents, are so strange episodes that simplest it is to think than they did not exist. Nevertheless, it is had a great variety of documentary sources that give account of their existence. In many cases, the plagues were described of independent form by doctors, cronistas, monks and priests. In the case of Strasbourg, even, they appear in municipal acts the actions taken by the scared authorities.

cef87 Vitusmodestuscrescentia the plague of 1518 danceMartyrdom of San Vito de Richard de Montbaston (S.XIV)

But, what was what produced these marathons of dance?

It has been speculated on on the possibility that the dancers formed, in fact, part of some type of heretical cult. Although the testimonies of their time agreed in describing to the dancers like patients, not like herejes. Not even the Church of the time, always arranged to fight the heresies with forcefulness saw, them like such. Any evidence does not exist either, according to questions professor John Waller of the University of Michigan in its book To Time to Dance, to Time to Die, of which they did it to the dancers by own will.

Other students have resorted to cornezuelo (also known like ergot) to explain the epidemics. Those in favor of this hypothesis maintain that the patients could have consumed bread contaminated with this fungus that contains psicotrópicas substances. During the Average Age, the poisonings with him were very frequent. The ergotismo, in that one time known like the fire of San Antonio, could produce necrosis of weaves and gangrene in the extremities. Many were able to survive, but they were mutilated of by life, in some cases losing all extremities.

Nevertheless, at present, it has been arrived at a certain consensus between psychology, history and anthropology, and the majority of which has studied the question defends that the true causes of the dance plagues, as well as the swollen ones of possessions in the convents of Europe, were more psychological and cultural than physiological. According to this version, the epidemics would have been the result of a massive psicogénico upheaval, a type of collective hysteria that is used to appearing after long periods of anguish and tension.

One of the most important reasons that it allows them to argue thus is the lack of automatic control that showed the affected ones. According to Waller, defender also of this version, this behavior could be because the dancers had fallen in a state of dissociative critical moment and presented/displayed an altered state of conscience. Otherwise, it is difficult to understand that somebody could dance during days, until having the bruised feet and bleeding, and not to stop. During the 1374 epidemic, the testimonies agree in indicating that the dancers did not seem totally conscious, but showed a frenetic and wild attitude, owned by their visions.

Waller recognizes that it is feasible that cornezuelo could have induced the hallucinations and convulsions, but creates enough difficult that outside this fungus cause of interminable marathons of dance, since one of the symptoms of the ergotismo is the reduction of the amount of blood that arrive until the extremities, which, aside from producing forts pains, makes difficult to move and, by all means, to dance.

cef87 the Pieters Brueghel dancing man the plague of 1518 danceEngraving of Hendrik Hondius I of a work of Pieter Brueghel. Original

Waller attributes the irruption of the epidemic of dance to the cultural and social context of the general time and, in particular, to the extreme situation through which it passed Strasbourg. One was a too susceptible society to the influence of saints and demons, turned which it into land paid for the appearance of superstitions, fear and false beliefs. One thought, for example, that if somebody brought about the wrath of San Vito, santo would send an epidemic of the compulsive dance that takes its name (). According to Waller, the citizens of Strasbourg, before the outbreak, were convinced, somehow, that the wrath of santo had untied on the city.

This way, most vulnerable they began to fear the possibility of being imprisoned of that curse, and he turned that them into more prone to fall in a state of involuntary critical moment. A state that in groups submissive a situation of anguish and fear, as it were the case, can be extremely contagious. In addition, in this case, the decision of the authorities to reunite all the affected and to make dance them in the most boisterous parts of the city, did not make but facilitate this contagion, helping to that the epidemic extended without control. Quite the opposite than recommends the experts at present.

When a person entered critical moment, although era of involuntary form, acted as it were expected of the affected ones by the curse, dancing of way uncontrolled during days. And, to each new owned person, those that were, more convinced they were than the curse was a reality.

Really, according to Waller, everything was a consequence of the desperation, the devotion and, mainly, of the suggestion. Thus, the plague began to lose force at the same time as the supernatural beliefs they had produced that it began to lose it. During the following decade, the city of Strasbourg became to the Protestantism and stopped being susceptible, according to Waller, to this type of epidemics when leaving the adoration of saints.

? Strangely, San Vito was santo to whom he invokes himself against that dance, his dance.

PS: To divide of a recommendation of v., I arrived at this other subject. Thanks, v.!

Permanent connection to the plague of 1518 dance

+posts:
- Folie à deux, when madness is thing of two
- The Green Children of Woolpit
- The Crossed one of the Children
- The mythical kingdom of Lends Juan
- The Great Extreme hunger of the 1315-1317
- The sect of the Assassins
- The heroic group of forty of Eyam against the Plague

+info:
- Dancing Plague of 1518 in en.wikipedia.org
- Looking Back: Dancing you plague and mass hysteria in thephychologist.org.uk
- Dancing Plague and to other Odd Afflictions Explained in Discovery Channel
- Dancing death in BBC

cef87 3738635136396968889 1556139855002749168?l=www.cabovolo the plague of 1518 dance

The plague of 1518 dance

The plague of 1518 dance

A day of 1518 July, in a street of Strasbourg, a called woman Frau Troffea began to dance of fervent way. But she was not one dances normal, because according to they count the cronistas, Troffea would dance for more than four days, as soon as stopping to eat. By then, no longer it made single, but they were 34 people plus they accompanied whom it, and the number did not stop to increase. Spent a month, already they were more than 400, between men, women and children.

cef87 19084 the wedding dances in a barn Pieter to younger brueghel the plague of 1518 danceThe dance of the marriage (1566) of Pieter Brueghel

All the indications seemed to indicate that the dance of San Vito had arrived at the city. A feared disease, that caused that those underwent that it danced and hallucinations and visions twisted of compulsive form in the middle of, shouting of furious form and, in many occasions, throwing foam by the mouth, providing to affected an appearance of madness or, worse still, of owning.

As the plague got worse, the authorities looked for the advice of the doctors of the city. Surprising, between all they thought that most suitable for these patients of the dance it was that they continued dancing, according to generalized seeming, the patients would be only cured if they did not stop to dance during the 24 hours of the day. For it, they qualified several halls and they constructed a wood scene. Everything so that they could dance to his air. And in case this outside little, the authorities contracted musicians so that they touched and to professional dancers they accompanied so that them.

The music served, besides how stimulus to avoid that they stopped moving, as cures for its evils. In those times, one thought that music was able to cure, not only the evils of the body, but also those of the soul.

For the end of summer, the plague of dancers or had extended until several dozens of cities and towns of Alsace, and the dancers began to die afflicted of infarcts, I spill cerebral or, simply, of exhaustion. Many of which they resisted finished being taken on foot or in car until some near chapel dedicated to San Vito. Santo to whom many said as a last resort and that became the landlord of the dancers. Finally, at the beginning of September, the epidemic began to send.

By stranger who seems, this plague of dance is not first of which certainty is had. In 1374, in a dozen of cities of the river basin of the Rhine, agreeing with gravísimas floods that had brought the desperation and the hunger to the region, hundreds of people were owned by an uncontrollable compulsion that forced also them to dance. Days twisted, turned and contorsionaban during hours, even screaming in the middle of visions and hallucinations. In a matter of weeks, the epidemic extended to great areas of the northeast of France and Holland. They had to spend months until the epidemic sent.

d86e0 Strasbourg the plague of 1518 danceStrasbourg in 1493

During century XV, the outbreaks of this type of plagues were only a few of which certainty is had. Most important in 1491 in a convent of nuns of the Netherlands, at that time Spanish possession. Several nuns were owned by the spirit of evil relatives who caused that they ran like dogs, they jumped of the trees imitating to the birds or you would maullaran as if they were cats. Although these possessions were not limited the convents, were the most affected nuns. During both following centuries, similar episodes were repeated in other convents of Paris or Rome.

In the case of Strasbourg, as it happened in 1374 in the river basin of the Rhine, the plague did not come either single, but it did it preceded by a succession of extreme hungers caused by a series of invier and extreme summers to us. In this case, they were the frosts and the hailstorms those that had thrown to lose the harvests. The price of the bread had arrived until maximum prices and the hunger caused great losses of life. Those that did not survive either had it simple and many finished ruined by the debts. The city was full of farmers who were lost everything and who did not have another option that to beg by its streets. To already feared and known leprosy and smallpox new diseases like the syphilis were united to them, that was fattened with them.

The nuns, nevertheless, seemed to be prote'ge'es of many of the calamities of the time. Although the own convents could not be the healthiest atmosphere, psychologically speaking. Many were not there by own decision, but on the decision of its parents. Nevertheless, once inside, it was very difficult to them to leave. Although, sometimes, those that showed a greater desperation they did not have because to be those that did not seem to have any type of vocation, but, indeed, to which it exceeded to them, tormented and obsessed by the fear of not giving the sufficient thing.

The dance plagues, or the possessions in the convents, are so strange episodes that simplest it is to think than they did not exist. Nevertheless, it is had a great variety of documentary sources that give account of their existence. In many cases, the plagues were described of independent form by doctors, cronistas, monks and priests. In the case of Strasbourg, even, they appear in municipal acts the actions taken by the scared authorities.

d86e0 Vitusmodestuscrescentia the plague of 1518 danceMartyrdom of San Vito de Richard de Montbaston (S.XIV)

But, what was what produced these marathons of dance?

It has been speculated on on the possibility that the dancers formed, in fact, part of some type of heretical cult. Although the testimonies of their time agreed in describing to the dancers like patients, not like herejes. Not even the Church of the time, always arranged to fight the heresies with forcefulness saw, them like such. Any evidence does not exist either, according to questions professor John Waller of the University of Michigan in its book To Time to Dance, to Time to Die, of which they did it to the dancers by own will.

Other students have resorted to cornezuelo (also known like ergot) to explain the epidemics. Those in favor of this hypothesis maintain that the patients could have consumed bread contaminated with this fungus that contains psicotrópicas substances. During the Average Age, the poisonings with him were very frequent. The ergotismo, in that one time known like the fire of San Antonio, could produce necrosis of weaves and gangrene in the extremities. Many were able to survive, but they were mutilated of by life, in some cases losing all extremities.

Nevertheless, at present, it has been arrived at a certain consensus between psychology, history and anthropology, and the majority of which has studied the question defends that the true causes of the dance plagues, as well as the swollen ones of possessions in the convents of Europe, were more psychological and cultural than physiological. According to this version, the epidemics would have been the result of a massive psicogénico upheaval, a type of collective hysteria that is used to appearing after long periods of anguish and tension.

One of the most important reasons that it allows them to argue thus is the lack of automatic control that showed the affected ones. According to Waller, defender also of this version, this behavior could be because the dancers had fallen in a state of dissociative critical moment and presented/displayed an altered state of conscience. Otherwise, it is difficult to understand that somebody could dance during days, until having the bruised feet and bleeding, and not to stop. During the 1374 epidemic, the testimonies agree in indicating that the dancers did not seem totally conscious, but showed a frenetic and wild attitude, owned by their visions.

Waller recognizes that it is feasible that cornezuelo could have induced the hallucinations and convulsions, but creates enough difficult that outside this fungus cause of interminable marathons of dance, since one of the symptoms of the ergotismo is the reduction of the amount of blood that arrive until the extremities, which, aside from producing forts pains, makes difficult to move and, by all means, to dance.

d86e0 the Pieters Brueghel dancing man the plague of 1518 danceEngraving of Hendrik Hondius I of a work of Pieter Brueghel. Original

Waller attributes the irruption of the epidemic of dance to the cultural and social context of the general time and, in particular, to the extreme situation through which it passed Strasbourg. One was a too susceptible society to the influence of saints and demons, turned which it into land paid for the appearance of superstitions, fear and false beliefs. One thought, for example, that if somebody brought about the wrath of San Vito, santo would send an epidemic of the compulsive dance that takes its name (). According to Waller, the citizens of Strasbourg, before the outbreak, were convinced, somehow, that the wrath of santo had untied on the city.

This way, most vulnerable they began to fear the possibility of being imprisoned of that curse, and he turned that them into more prone to fall in a state of involuntary critical moment. A state that in groups submissive a situation of anguish and fear, as it were the case, can be extremely contagious. In addition, in this case, the decision of the authorities to reunite all the affected and to make dance them in the most boisterous parts of the city, did not make but facilitate this contagion, helping to that the epidemic extended without control. Quite the opposite than recommends the experts at present.

When a person entered critical moment, although era of involuntary form, acted as it were expected of the affected ones by the curse, dancing of way uncontrolled during days. And, to each new owned person, those that were, more convinced they were than the curse was a reality.

Really, according to Waller, everything was a consequence of the desperation, the devotion and, mainly, of the suggestion. Thus, the plague began to lose force at the same time as the supernatural beliefs they had produced that it began to lose it. During the following decade, the city of Strasbourg became to the Protestantism and stopped being susceptible, according to Waller, to this type of epidemics when leaving the adoration of saints.

? Strangely, San Vito was santo to whom he invokes himself against that dance, his dance.

PS: To divide of a recommendation of v., I arrived at this other subject. Thanks, v.!

Permanent connection to the plague of 1518 dance

+posts:
- Folie à deux, when madness is thing of two
- The Green Children of Woolpit
- The Crossed one of the Children
- The mythical kingdom of Lends Juan
- The Great Extreme hunger of the 1315-1317
- The sect of the Assassins
- The heroic group of forty of Eyam against the Plague

+info:
- Dancing Plague of 1518 in en.wikipedia.org
- Looking Back: Dancing you plague and mass hysteria in thephychologist.org.uk
- Dancing Plague and to other Odd Afflictions Explained in Discovery Channel
- Dancing death in BBC

d86e0 3738635136396968889 1556139855002749168?l=www.cabovolo the plague of 1518 dance

The plague of 1518 dance

The plague of 1518 dance

A day of 1518 July, in a street of Strasbourg, a called woman Frau Troffea began to dance of fervent way. But she was not one dances normal, because according to they count the cronistas, Troffea would dance for more than four days, as soon as stopping to eat. By then, no longer it made single, but they were 34 people plus they accompanied whom it, and the number did not stop to increase. Spent a month, already they were more than 400, between men, women and children.

d83c1 19084 the wedding dances in a barn Pieter to younger brueghel the plague of 1518 danceThe dance of the marriage (1566) of Pieter Brueghel

All the indications seemed to indicate that the dance of San Vito had arrived at the city. A feared disease, that caused that those underwent that it danced and hallucinations and visions twisted of compulsive form in the middle of, shouting of furious form and, in many occasions, throwing foam by the mouth, providing to affected an appearance of madness or, worse still, of owning.

As the plague got worse, the authorities looked for the advice of the doctors of the city. Surprising, between all they thought that most suitable for these patients of the dance it was that they continued dancing, according to generalized seeming, the patients would be only cured if they did not stop to dance during the 24 hours of the day. For it, they qualified several halls and they constructed a wood scene. Everything so that they could dance to his air. And in case this outside little, the authorities contracted musicians so that they touched and to professional dancers they accompanied so that them.

The music served, besides how stimulus to avoid that they stopped moving, as cures for its evils. In those times, one thought that music was able to cure, not only the evils of the body, but also those of the soul.

For the end of summer, the plague of dancers or had extended until several dozens of cities and towns of Alsace, and the dancers began to die afflicted of infarcts, I spill cerebral or, simply, of exhaustion. Many of which they resisted finished being taken on foot or in car until some near chapel dedicated to San Vito. Santo to whom many said as a last resort and that became the landlord of the dancers. Finally, at the beginning of September, the epidemic began to send.

By stranger who seems, this plague of dance is not first of which certainty is had. In 1374, in a dozen of cities of the river basin of the Rhine, agreeing with gravísimas floods that had brought the desperation and the hunger to the region, hundreds of people were owned by an uncontrollable compulsion that forced also them to dance. Days twisted, turned and contorsionaban during hours, even screaming in the middle of visions and hallucinations. In a matter of weeks, the epidemic extended to great areas of the northeast of France and Holland. They had to spend months until the epidemic sent.

d86e0 Strasbourg the plague of 1518 danceStrasbourg in 1493

During century XV, the outbreaks of this type of plagues were only a few of which certainty is had. Most important in 1491 in a convent of nuns of the Netherlands, at that time Spanish possession. Several nuns were owned by the spirit of evil relatives who caused that they ran like dogs, they jumped of the trees imitating to the birds or you would maullaran as if they were cats. Although these possessions were not limited the convents, were the most affected nuns. During both following centuries, similar episodes were repeated in other convents of Paris or Rome.

In the case of Strasbourg, as it happened in 1374 in the river basin of the Rhine, the plague did not come either single, but it did it preceded by a succession of extreme hungers caused by a series of invier and extreme summers to us. In this case, they were the frosts and the hailstorms those that had thrown to lose the harvests. The price of the bread had arrived until maximum prices and the hunger caused great losses of life. Those that did not survive either had it simple and many finished ruined by the debts. The city was full of farmers who were lost everything and who did not have another option that to beg by its streets. To already feared and known leprosy and smallpox new diseases like the syphilis were united to them, that was fattened with them.

The nuns, nevertheless, seemed to be prote'ge'es of many of the calamities of the time. Although the own convents could not be the healthiest atmosphere, psychologically speaking. Many were not there by own decision, but on the decision of its parents. Nevertheless, once inside, it was very difficult to them to leave. Although, sometimes, those that showed a greater desperation they did not have because to be those that did not seem to have any type of vocation, but, indeed, to which it exceeded to them, tormented and obsessed by the fear of not giving the sufficient thing.

The dance plagues, or the possessions in the convents, are so strange episodes that simplest it is to think than they did not exist. Nevertheless, it is had a great variety of documentary sources that give account of their existence. In many cases, the plagues were described of independent form by doctors, cronistas, monks and priests. In the case of Strasbourg, even, they appear in municipal acts the actions taken by the scared authorities.

d86e0 Vitusmodestuscrescentia the plague of 1518 danceMartyrdom of San Vito de Richard de Montbaston (S.XIV)

But, what was what produced these marathons of dance?

It has been speculated on on the possibility that the dancers formed, in fact, part of some type of heretical cult. Although the testimonies of their time agreed in describing to the dancers like patients, not like herejes. Not even the Church of the time, always arranged to fight the heresies with forcefulness saw, them like such. Any evidence does not exist either, according to questions professor John Waller of the University of Michigan in its book To Time to Dance, to Time to Die, of which they did it to the dancers by own will.

Other students have resorted to cornezuelo (also known like ergot) to explain the epidemics. Those in favor of this hypothesis maintain that the patients could have consumed bread contaminated with this fungus that contains psicotrópicas substances. During the Average Age, the poisonings with him were very frequent. The ergotismo, in that one time known like the fire of San Antonio, could produce necrosis of weaves and gangrene in the extremities. Many were able to survive, but they were mutilated of by life, in some cases losing all extremities.

Nevertheless, at present, it has been arrived at a certain consensus between psychology, history and anthropology, and the majority of which has studied the question defends that the true causes of the dance plagues, as well as the swollen ones of possessions in the convents of Europe, were more psychological and cultural than physiological. According to this version, the epidemics would have been the result of a massive psicogénico upheaval, a type of collective hysteria that is used to appearing after long periods of anguish and tension.

One of the most important reasons that it allows them to argue thus is the lack of automatic control that showed the affected ones. According to Waller, defender also of this version, this behavior could be because the dancers had fallen in a state of dissociative critical moment and presented/displayed an altered state of conscience. Otherwise, it is difficult to understand that somebody could dance during days, until having the bruised feet and bleeding, and not to stop. During the 1374 epidemic, the testimonies agree in indicating that the dancers did not seem totally conscious, but showed a frenetic and wild attitude, owned by their visions.

Waller recognizes that it is feasible that cornezuelo could have induced the hallucinations and convulsions, but creates enough difficult that outside this fungus cause of interminable marathons of dance, since one of the symptoms of the ergotismo is the reduction of the amount of blood that arrive until the extremities, which, aside from producing forts pains, makes difficult to move and, by all means, to dance.

d86e0 the Pieters Brueghel dancing man the plague of 1518 danceEngraving of Hendrik Hondius I of a work of Pieter Brueghel. Original

Waller attributes the irruption of the epidemic of dance to the cultural and social context of the general time and, in particular, to the extreme situation through which it passed Strasbourg. One was a too susceptible society to the influence of saints and demons, turned which it into land paid for the appearance of superstitions, fear and false beliefs. One thought, for example, that if somebody brought about the wrath of San Vito, santo would send an epidemic of the compulsive dance that takes its name (). According to Waller, the citizens of Strasbourg, before the outbreak, were convinced, somehow, that the wrath of santo had untied on the city.

This way, most vulnerable they began to fear the possibility of being imprisoned of that curse, and he turned that them into more prone to fall in a state of involuntary critical moment. A state that in groups submissive a situation of anguish and fear, as it were the case, can be extremely contagious. In addition, in this case, the decision of the authorities to reunite all the affected and to make dance them in the most boisterous parts of the city, did not make but facilitate this contagion, helping to that the epidemic extended without control. Quite the opposite than recommends the experts at present.

When a person entered critical moment, although era of involuntary form, acted as it were expected of the affected ones by the curse, dancing of way uncontrolled during days. And, to each new owned person, those that were, more convinced they were than the curse was a reality.

Really, according to Waller, everything was a consequence of the desperation, the devotion and, mainly, of the suggestion. Thus, the plague began to lose force at the same time as the supernatural beliefs they had produced that it began to lose it. During the following decade, the city of Strasbourg became to the Protestantism and stopped being susceptible, according to Waller, to this type of epidemics when leaving the adoration of saints.

? Strangely, San Vito was santo to whom he invokes himself against that dance, his dance.

PS: To divide of a recommendation of v., I arrived at this other subject. Thanks, v.!

Permanent connection to the plague of 1518 dance

+posts:
- Folie à deux, when madness is thing of two
- The Green Children of Woolpit
- The Crossed one of the Children
- The mythical kingdom of Lends Juan
- The Great Extreme hunger of the 1315-1317
- The sect of the Assassins
- The heroic group of forty of Eyam against the Plague

+info:
- Dancing Plague of 1518 in en.wikipedia.org
- Looking Back: Dancing you plague and mass hysteria in thephychologist.org.uk
- Dancing Plague and to other Odd Afflictions Explained in Discovery Channel
- Dancing death in BBC

d86e0 3738635136396968889 1556139855002749168?l=www.cabovolo the plague of 1518 dance

The plague of 1518 dance